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Based on structures, organic compounds are classified as follows:
- ALIPHATIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- CYCLIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS i) HETEROCYCLIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ii) HOMOCYCLIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS - ALICYCLIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS - AROMATIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ALIPHATIC COMPOUNDS: Organic compounds in which carbon atoms are arranged in long continuous chain is called aliphatic compounds.
TYPES OF ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS:
Based on number of bonds between two carbon atoms, hydrocarbons are classified into three classes:
a) ALKANE
Aliphatic compounds in which two carbon atoms are linked with single covalent bond are called alkanes. The general molecular formula of alkane is CnH2n+2. (where n is a natural number)
b) ALKENE
Aliphatic compounds in which at least two carbon atoms are bonded/ linked by double bond is called alkene. The general formula for alkene is CnH2n. (where n is a natural number)
c) ALKYNE Aliphatic compounds in which at least two carbon atoms are linked by triple bond is called alkyne. The general formula for alkyne is CnH2n-2. (where n is a natural number)
CYCLIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS : Organic compounds in which carbon atoms forms one or more cyclic ring of carbon is called cyclic organic compound. They are further classified into homocyclic compound or heterocyclic compound.
HOMOCYCLIC COMPOUND : Those cyclic compound which contain only carbon atoms in their cyclic ring are called homocyclic compounds.
Homocyclic compounds are further classified into Alicyclic compounds and Aromatic compounds.
ALICYCLIC COMPUNDS: Cyclic compounds similar to aliphatic compounds in terms of chemical behavior is called alicyclic compounds.
AROMATIC COMPOUNDS: Cyclic compounds with conjugated double bonds in the ring of 4n+2 number of π electrons(Huckel's rule) is known to be organic compounds. Originally, aromatic in aromatic compounds were used to represent their pleasant odour.
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